Raising Awareness for Brain Tumors and the Vital Role of SLPs

Thousands of Americans are diagnosed with brain tumors each year. Behind each diagnosis is a person whose life changes in an instant—a parent, child, friend, or colleague suddenly facing new challenges in communication, cognition, and daily functioning. On June 8th, World Brain Tumor Awareness Day, we recognize these individuals and their families while promoting education on early detection, treatment options, and the rehabilitation journey.

What Is a Brain Tumor?

A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells within the brain. These cells can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Tumors are also categorized by grade—low-grade tumors tend to grow slowly, while high-grade tumors are more aggressive.

Brain tumors are classified as either primary or secondary. Primary tumors originate in the brain or spinal cord and typically do not spread to other areas of the body. Secondary tumors, also known as metastatic brain tumors, begin in another part of the body—such as the lungs, breast, or skin—and spread to the brain. Metastatic brain tumors are more common than primary ones.

Signs and Symptoms

Because the brain plays a role in nearly every function of the body, the symptoms of a brain tumor can vary widely depending on its size and location. Some of the most common signs include: 

• Persistent headaches

• Seizures

• Vision changes

• Dizziness

• Difficulty with balance

• Speech or language issues

• Weakness or mobility problems

Changes in memory, personality, behavior, or problem-solving skills can also occur, sometimes before any physical symptoms are noticed. Being aware of these symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

The exact cause of many brain tumors remains unknown, but several factors may increase a person’s risk. These include a family history of brain tumors, radiation exposure, certain environmental influences, immune system disorders, and age, particularly in older adults.

When a brain tumor is suspected, diagnosis usually begins with a neurological examination, followed by brain imaging such as an MRI or CT scan. A biopsy is often performed to determine the exact type and grade of the tumor, which helps guide treatment decisions.

Treatment plans are highly individualized and depend on the tumor’s type, size, and location. Common treatments include:

• Surgical removal

• Radiation therapy

• Chemotherapy

• In some cases, targeted therapies or immunotherapy

Recovery and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on how the tumor has affected brain function.

The Role of Speech Therapy

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play an important role in supporting individuals navigating life after a brain tumor diagnosis. Depending on the tumor’s location and the type of treatment received, a person may experience changes in speech, language, cognitive skills, voice, or swallowing. SLPs provide targeted therapy to help individuals regain or strengthen these vital functions and improve their overall quality of life.

Speech and Language Rehabilitation

When tumors affect the brain's language centers, patients often face challenges with communication. Speech therapy can help individuals regain or strengthen their ability to:

• Speak clearly and be understood by others

• Understand spoken language

• Express thoughts and needs effectively

• Engage in reading and writing tasks

Therapy might include structured language exercises, conversation practice, or work with assistive communication devices when needed. For example, someone struggling with word-finding might practice naming strategies or learn to circumlocute (describe around a word) when facing difficulties.

Cognitive-Communication Therapy

Many brain tumor patients experience what they describe as "brain fog" - difficulties with thinking and processing that affect daily life. Speech therapy targets areas such as:

• Attention and memory

• Organization and planning

• Problem-solving and reasoning

• Processing speed and mental clarity

An SLP might use functional activities like meal planning, medication management, or return-to-work simulations to build practical cognitive skills. They also teach strategies for managing cognitive fatigue, common during recovery.

Swallowing and Voice Rehabilitation

If the tumor or its treatment affects the muscles involved in swallowing or speech production, an SLP provides specialized therapy to:

• Ensure safe eating and drinking without choking risks

• Improve vocal quality, strength, and endurance

• Develop compensatory strategies for persistent difficulties

• Make recommendations about diet modifications when necessary

These interventions not only address physical function but also have profound effects on quality of life, social participation, and emotional well-being.

Protecting Brain Health

While many brain tumors aren't preventable, maintaining overall brain health is important. Consider these practices:

• Stay physically active to promote healthy blood flow to the brain

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants

• Get adequate sleep to support brain function

• Stay mentally active through reading, puzzles, or learning new skills

• Seek prompt medical attention for unusual neurological symptoms

Most importantly, be aware of changes in your body and mind. Don't hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider if you notice persistent symptoms like unusual headaches, cognitive changes, or neurological issues.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a brain tumor and is experiencing communication, cognitive, or swallowing challenges, don't wait to seek help. Early intervention leads to better outcomes and improved quality of life. Contact me today for a consultation to discuss how speech therapy can be incorporated into your recovery plan.

Let's continue to spread awareness this June and support those affected by brain tumors—because every voice deserves to be heard, and every brain tumor survivor deserves comprehensive care.